Home Competitions ILL 1986 Problem 45
Given n n n real numbers a 1 ≤ a 2 ≤ ⋯ ≤ a n a_1 \leq a_2 \leq \cdots \leq a_n a 1 ≤ a 2 ≤ ⋯ ≤ a n , define
M 1 = 1 n ∑ i = 1 n a i , M 2 = 2 n ( n − 1 ) ∑ 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n a i a j , Q = M 1 2 − M 2 M_1=\frac 1n \sum_{i=1}^{n} a_i , M_2=\frac{2}{n(n-1)} \sum_{1 \leq i<j \leq n} a_ia_j, Q=\sqrt{M_1^2-M_2} M 1 = n 1 i = 1 ∑ n a i , M 2 = n ( n − 1 ) 2 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n ∑ a i a j , Q = M 1 2 − M 2
Prove that
a 1 ≤ M 1 − Q ≤ M 1 + Q ≤ a n a_1 \leq M_1 - Q \leq M_1 + Q \leq a_n a 1 ≤ M 1 − Q ≤ M 1 + Q ≤ a n
and that equality holds if and only if a 1 = a 2 = ⋯ = a n . a_1 = a_2 = \cdots = a_n. a 1 = a 2 = ⋯ = a n .
Dataset text AI-MO AoPS . Quoted with source.
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