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EGMO 2020 Problem 4

  • Day 2

A permutation of the integers 1,2,…,m1, 2, \ldots, m is called fresh if there exists no positive integer k<mk < m such that the first kk numbers in the permutation are 1,2,…,k1, 2, \ldots, k in some order. Let fmf_m be the number of fresh permutations of the integers 1,2,…,m1, 2, \ldots, m .

Prove that fn≥n⋅fn−1f_n \ge n \cdot f_{n - 1} for all n≥3n \ge 3 .

For example, if m=4m = 4 , then the permutation (3,1,4,2)(3, 1, 4, 2) is fresh, whereas the permutation (2,3,1,4)(2, 3, 1, 4) is not.

Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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