EGMO 2017

Let $A B C D$ be a convex quadrilateral with $\angle D A B=\angle B C D=90^{\circ}$ and $\angle A B C>\angle C D A$. Let $Q$ and $R$ be points on the segments $B C$ and $C D$, respectively, such that the line $Q R$ intersects lines $A B$ and $A D$ at points $P$ and $S$, respectively. It is given that $P Q=R S$. Let the midpoint of $B D$ be $M$ and the midpoint of $Q R$ be $N$. Prove that $M, N, A$ and $C$ lie on a circle.

Mark Mordechai Etkind, Israel

Find the smallest positive integer $k$ for which there exist a colouring of the positive integers $\mathbb{Z}_{>0}$ with $k$ colours and a function $f: \mathbb{Z}_{>0} \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_{>0}$ with the following two properties: (i) For all positive integers $m, n$ of the same colour, $f(m+n)=f(m)+f(n)$. (ii) There are positive integers $m, n$ such that $f(m+n) \neq f(m)+f(n)$.

In a colouring of $\mathbb{Z}_{>0}$ with $k$ colours, every integer is coloured in exactly one of the $k$ colours. In both (i) and (ii) the positive integers $m, n$ are not necessarily different.

Merlijn Staps, the Netherlands

There are 2017 lines in a plane such that no 3 of them go through the same point. Turbo the snail can slide along the lines in the following fashion: she initially moves on one of the lines and continues moving on a given line until she reaches an intersection of 2 lines. At the intersection, she follows her journey on the other line turning left or right, alternating the direction she chooses at each intersection point she passes. Can it happen that she slides through a line segment for a second time in her journey but in the opposite direction as she did for the first time?

Márk Di Giovanni, Hungary

Let $n \geq 1$ be an integer and let $t_{1}<t_{2}<\ldots<t_{n}$ be positive integers. In a group of $t_{n}+1$ people, some games of chess are played. Two people can play each other at most once. Prove that it is possible for the following conditions to hold at the same time: i) The number of games played by each person is one of $t_{1}, t_{2}, \ldots, t_{n}$, ii) For every $i$ with $1 \leq i \leq n$, there is someone who has played exactly $t_{i}$ games of chess.

Gerhard Wöginger, Luxembourg

Let $n \geq 2$ be an integer. An $n$-tuple $\left(a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots, a_{n}\right)$ of positive integers is expensive if there exists a positive integer $k$ such that

$$\left(a_{1}+a_{2}\right)\left(a_{2}+a_{3}\right) \cdots \cdots\left(a_{n-1}+a_{n}\right)\left(a_{n}+a_{1}\right)=2^{2 k-1} .$$

a) Find all positive integers $n \geq 2$ for which there exists an expensive $n$-tuple. b) Prove that for every positive integer $m$ there exists an integer $n \geq 2$ such that $m$ belongs to an expensive $n$-tuple.

There are exactly $n$ factors in the product on the left hand side. Harun Hindija, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Let $A B C$ be an acute-angled triangle in which no two sides have the same length. The reflections of the centroid $G$ and the circumcentre $O$ of $A B C$ in its sides $B C, C A, A B$ are denoted by $G_{1}, G_{2}, G_{3}$, and $O_{1}, O_{2}, O_{3}$, respectively. Show that the circumcircles of the triangles $G_{1} G_{2} C, G_{1} G_{3} B, G_{2} G_{3} A, O_{1} O_{2} C, O_{1} O_{3} B, O_{2} O_{3} A$ and $A B C$ have a common point.

The centroid of a triangle is the intersection point of the three medians. A median is a line connecting a vertex of the triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side.

Charles Leytem, Luxembourg