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CZ-SK-MO 2005 Problem 1

    Consider all arithmetical sequences of real numbers (xi)∞=1(x_i)^{\infty}=1 and (yi)∞=1(y_i)^{\infty} =1 with the common first term, such that for some k>1,xk−1yk−1=42,xkyk=30k > 1, x_{k-1}y_{k-1} = 42, x_ky_k = 30 , and xk+1yk+1=16x_{k+1}y_{k+1} = 16 . Find all such pairs of sequences with the maximum possible kk .

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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