olymmath

CWMO 2014 Problem 8

    Given a real number qq , 1<q<21 < q < 2 define a sequence {xn}\{x_n\} as follows: for any positive integer nn , let xn=a0+a1⋅2+a2⋅22+⋯+ak⋅2k(ai∈{0,1},i=0,1,⋯mk)x_n=a_0+a_1 \cdot 2+ a_2 \cdot 2^2 + \cdots + a_k \cdot 2^k (a_i \in \{0,1\}, i = 0,1, \cdots m k) be its binary representation, define xk=a0+a1⋅q+a2⋅q2+⋯+ak⋅qk.x_k= a_0 +a_1 \cdot q + a_2 \cdot q^2 + \cdots +a_k \cdot q^k. Prove that for any positive integer nn , there exists a positive integer mm such that xn<xm≤xn+1x_n < x_m \leq x_n+1 .

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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