CAPS 2000

$a,b,c$ are positive real numbers which satisfy $5abc>a^3+b^3+c^3$ . Prove that $a,b,c$ can form a triangle.

Let ${ABC}$ be a triangle, ${k}$ its incircle and ${k_a,k_b,k_c}$ three circles orthogonal to ${k}$ passing through ${B}$ and ${C, A}$ and ${C}$ , and ${A}$ and ${B}$ respectively. The circles ${k_a,k_b}$ meet again in ${C'}$ ; in the same way we obtain the points ${B'}$ and ${A'}$ . Prove that the radius of the circumcircle of ${A'B'C'}$ is half the radius of ${k}$ .

Let $n$ be a positive integer. Prove that $n$ is a power of two if and only if there exists an integer $m$ such that $2^n-1$ is a divisor of $m^2 +9$ .

Let $P(x)$ be a polynomial with integer coefficients. Prove that the polynomial $Q(x) = P(x^4)P(x^3)P(x^2)P(x)+1$ has no integer roots.

Let $ABCD$ be an isosceles trapezoid with bases $AB$ and $CD$ . The incircle of the triangle $BCD$ touches $CD$ at $E$ . Point $F$ is chosen on the bisector of the angle $DAC$ such that the lines $EF$ and $CD$ are perpendicular. The circumcircle of the triangle $ACF$ intersects the line $CD$ again at $G$ . Prove that the triangle $AFG$ is isosceles.

Suppose that every integer has been given one of the colors red, blue, green, yellow. Let $x$ and $y$ be odd integers such that $|x| \ne |y|$ . Show that there are two integers of the same color whose difference has one of the following values: $x,y,x+y,x-y$ .