olymmath

BALKAN 2011 Problem 3

  • Paper

Let SS be a finite set of positive integers which has the following property: if xx is a member of SS, then so are all positive divisors of xx. A non-empty subset TT of SS is good if whenever x,y∈Tx, y \in T and x<yx<y, the ratio y/xy / x is a power of a prime number. A non-empty subset TT of SS is bad if whenever x,y∈Tx, y \in T and x<yx<y, the ratio y/xy / x is not a power of a prime number. We agree that a singleton subset of SS is both good and bad. Let kk be the largest possible size of a good subset of SS. Prove that kk is also the smallest number of pairwise-disjoint bad subsets whose union is SS.

Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

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