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BALKAN-SL 2021 A4

    Let f,gf, g be functions from the positive integers to the integers. Vlad the impala is jumping around the integer grid. His initial position is x0=(0,0)\mathbf{x}_{0}=(0,0), and for every n⩾1n \geqslant 1, his jump is

    xn−xn−1=(±f(n),±g(n)) or (±g(n),±f(n))\mathbf{x}_{n}-\mathbf{x}_{n-1}=( \pm f(n), \pm g(n)) \text { or }( \pm g(n), \pm f(n))

    with eight possibilities in total. Is it always possible that Vlad can choose his jumps to return to his initial location (0,0)(0,0) infinitely many times when (a) f,gf, g are polynomials with integer coefficients? (b) f,gf, g are any pair of functions from the positive integers to the integers?

    Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

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