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BALKAN-SL 2015 N3

    Let aa be a positive integer. For all positive integer n, we define an=1+a+a2+…+an−1.a_n=1+a+a^2+\ldots+a^{n-1}. Let s,ts,t be two different positive integers with the following property: If pp is prime divisor of s−ts-t , then pp divides a−1a-1 . Prove that number as−ats−t\frac{a_{s}-a_{t}}{s-t} is an integer.

    (FYROM)

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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