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AUSTRIAN-POLISH 1978 Problem 7

    Let MM be the set of all lattice points in the plane (i.e. points with integer coordinates, in a fixed Cartesian coordinate system). For any point P=(x,y)∈MP=(x,y)\in M we call the points (x−1,y)(x-1,y) , (x+1,y)(x+1,y) , (x,y−1)(x,y-1) , (x,y+1)(x,y+1) neighbors of PP . Let SS be a finite subset of MM . A one-to-one mapping ff of SS onto SS is called perfect if f(P)f(P) is a neighbor of PP , for any P∈SP\in S . Prove that if such a mapping exists, then there exists also a perfect mapping g:S→Sg:S\to S with the additional property g(g(P))=Pg(g(P))=P for P∈SP\in S .

    Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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