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APMO 2000 Problem 5

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Given a permutation (a0,a1,…,an)\left(a_{0}, a_{1}, \ldots, a_{n}\right) of the sequence 0,1,…,n0,1, \ldots, n. A transposition of aia_{i} with aja_{j} is called legal if ai=0a_{i}=0 for i>0i>0, and ai−1+1=aja_{i-1}+1=a_{j}. The permutation (a0,a1,…,an)\left(a_{0}, a_{1}, \ldots, a_{n}\right) is called regular if after a number of legal transpositions it becomes (1,2,…,n,0)(1,2, \ldots, n, 0). For which numbers nn is the permutation (1,n,n−1,…,3,2,0)(1, n, n-1, \ldots, 3,2,0) regular?

Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

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n=2 \text{ and } n=2^{k}-1, k \text{ positive integer}

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