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USAJMO 2021 Problem 3

  • Day 1

An equilateral triangle Δ\Delta of side length L>0L>0 is given. Suppose that nn equilateral triangles with side length 1 and with non-overlapping interiors are drawn inside Δ\Delta , such that each unit equilateral triangle has sides parallel to Δ\Delta , but with opposite orientation. (An example with n=2n=2 is drawn below.) [asy] draw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1/2,sqrt(3)/2)--cycle,linewidth(0.5)); filldraw((0.45,0.55)--(0.65,0.55)--(0.55,0.55-sqrt(3)/20.2)--cycle,gray,linewidth(0.5)); filldraw((0.54,0.3)--(0.34,0.3)--(0.44,0.3-sqrt(3)/20.2)--cycle,gray,linewidth(0.5)); [/asy] Prove that n≤23L2.n \leq \frac{2}{3} L^{2}.

Dataset text AI-MO AoPS. Quoted with source.

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