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NMC 2022 Problem 3

  • Answer

Anton and Britta play a game with the set M={1,2,3,…,n−1}M=\{1,2,3, \ldots, n-1\} where n≥5n \geq 5 is an odd integer. In each step Anton removes a number from MM and puts it in his set AA, and Britta removes a number from MM and puts it in her set BB (both AA and BB are empty to begin with). When MM is empty, Anton picks two distinct numbers x1,x2x_{1}, x_{2} from AA and shows them to Britta. Britta then picks two distinct numbers y1,y2y_{1}, y_{2} from BB. Britta wins if

(x1x2(x1−y1)(x2−y2))n−12≡1 mod n\left(x_{1} x_{2}\left(x_{1}-y_{1}\right)\left(x_{2}-y_{2}\right)\right)^{\frac{n-1}{2}} \equiv 1 \bmod n

otherwise Anton wins. Find all nn for which Britta has a winning strategy.

Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

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Britta wins if and only if nn is prime.

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