olymmath

ISL 2021 C4

    The kingdom of Anisotropy consists of nn cities. For every two cities there exists exactly one direct one-way road between them. We say that a path from XX to YY is a sequence of roads such that one can move from XX to YY along this sequence without returning to an already visited city. A collection of paths is called diverse if no road belongs to two or more paths in the collection. Let AA and BB be two distinct cities in Anisotropy. Let NABN_{A B} denote the maximal number of paths in a diverse collection of paths from AA to BB. Similarly, let NBAN_{B A} denote the maximal number of paths in a diverse collection of paths from BB to AA. Prove that the equality NAB=NBAN_{A B}=N_{B A} holds if and only if the number of roads going out from AA is the same as the number of roads going out from BB.

    Official text Transcription from NuminaMath olympiads, checked word for word against the official paper. Quoted with source.

    Official text: IMO 2021 Shortlist booklet, page 6.

    Solutions

    Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee

    The terms of the source let olymmath link to this solution but not copy it. Read the solution (IMO official site).

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