ISL 2021 C4
The kingdom of Anisotropy consists of cities. For every two cities there exists exactly one direct one-way road between them. We say that a path from to is a sequence of roads such that one can move from to along this sequence without returning to an already visited city. A collection of paths is called diverse if no road belongs to two or more paths in the collection. Let and be two distinct cities in Anisotropy. Let denote the maximal number of paths in a diverse collection of paths from to . Similarly, let denote the maximal number of paths in a diverse collection of paths from to . Prove that the equality holds if and only if the number of roads going out from is the same as the number of roads going out from .
Official text Transcription from NuminaMath olympiads, checked word for word against the official paper. Quoted with source.
Official text: IMO 2021 Shortlist booklet, page 6.
Solutions
Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee
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