olymmath

ISL 2020 C7

    Consider any rectangular table having finitely many rows and columns, with a real number a(r,c)a(r, c) in the cell in row rr and column cc. A pair (R,C)(R, C), where RR is a set of rows and CC a set of columns, is called a saddle pair if the following two conditions are satisfied: (i) For each row r′r^{\prime}, there is r∈Rr \in R such that a(r,c)⩾a(r′,c)a(r, c) \geqslant a\left(r^{\prime}, c\right) for all c∈Cc \in C; (ii) For each column c′c^{\prime}, there is c∈Cc \in C such that a(r,c)⩽a(r,c′)a(r, c) \leqslant a\left(r, c^{\prime}\right) for all r∈Rr \in R. A saddle pair (R,C)(R, C) is called a minimal pair if for each saddle pair ( R′,C′R^{\prime}, C^{\prime} ) with R′⊆RR^{\prime} \subseteq R and C′⊆CC^{\prime} \subseteq C, we have R′=RR^{\prime}=R and C′=CC^{\prime}=C. Prove that any two minimal pairs contain the same number of rows. (Thailand)

    Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

    Official text: IMO 2020 Shortlist booklet, page 9.

    Solutions

    Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee

    The terms of the source let olymmath link to this solution but not copy it. Read the solution (IMO official site).

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