ISL 2018 C3
Let be a given positive integer. Sisyphus performs a sequence of turns on a board consisting of squares in a row, numbered 0 to from left to right. Initially, stones are put into square 0, and the other squares are empty. At every turn, Sisyphus chooses any nonempty square, say with stones, takes one of those stones and moves it to the right by at most squares (the stone should stay within the board). Sisyphus' aim is to move all stones to square . Prove that Sisyphus cannot reach the aim in less than turns. (As usual, stands for the least integer not smaller than .) (Netherlands)
Official text Transcription from NuminaMath olympiads, checked word for word against the official paper. Quoted with source.
Official text: IMO 2018 Shortlist booklet, page 6.
Solutions
Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee
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