olymmath

ISL 2017 A2

    Let qq be a real number. Gugu has a napkin with ten distinct real numbers written on it, and he writes the following three lines of real numbers on the blackboard: - In the first line, Gugu writes down every number of the form a−ba-b, where aa and bb are two (not necessarily distinct) numbers on his napkin. - In the second line, Gugu writes down every number of the form qab, where aa and bb are two (not necessarily distinct) numbers from the first line. - In the third line, Gugu writes down every number of the form a2+b2−c2−d2a^{2}+b^{2}-c^{2}-d^{2}, where a,b,c,da, b, c, d are four (not necessarily distinct) numbers from the first line. Determine all values of qq such that, regardless of the numbers on Gugu's napkin, every number in the second line is also a number in the third line. (Austria)

    Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads-ref. Quoted with source.

    Official text: IMO 2017 Shortlist booklet, page 6.

    Solutions

    Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee

    The terms of the source let olymmath link to this solution but not copy it. Read the solution (IMO official site).

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