olymmath

ISL 2013 N5

    Fix an integer k⩾2k \geqslant 2. Two players, called Ana and Banana, play the following game of numbers: Initially, some integer n⩾kn \geqslant k gets written on the blackboard. Then they take moves in turn, with Ana beginning. A player making a move erases the number mm just written on the blackboard and replaces it by some number m′m^{\prime} with k⩽m′<mk \leqslant m^{\prime}<m that is coprime to mm. The first player who cannot move anymore loses. An integer n⩾kn \geqslant k is called good if Banana has a winning strategy when the initial number is nn, and bad otherwise. Consider two integers n,n′⩾kn, n^{\prime} \geqslant k with the property that each prime number p⩽kp \leqslant k divides nn if and only if it divides n′n^{\prime}. Prove that either both nn and n′n^{\prime} are good or both are bad. (Italy)

    Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

    Official text: IMO 2013 Shortlist booklet, page 7.

    Solutions

    Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee

    The terms of the source let olymmath link to this solution but not copy it. Read the solution (IMO official site).

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