olymmath

ISL 2013 C5

    Let rr be a positive integer, and let a0,a1,…a_{0}, a_{1}, \ldots be an infinite sequence of real numbers. Assume that for all nonnegative integers mm and ss there exists a positive integer n∈[m+1,m+r]n \in[m+1, m+r] such that am+am+1+⋯+am+s=an+an+1+⋯+an+sa_{m}+a_{m+1}+\cdots+a_{m+s}=a_{n}+a_{n+1}+\cdots+a_{n+s} Prove that the sequence is periodic, i. e. there exists some p⩾1p \geqslant 1 such that an+p=ana_{n+p}=a_{n} for all n⩾0n \geqslant 0.

    Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

    Official text: IMO 2013 Shortlist booklet, page 4.

    Solutions

    Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee

    The terms of the source let olymmath link to this solution but not copy it. Read the solution (IMO official site).

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