olymmath

ISL 2013 A4

    Let nn be a positive integer, and consider a sequence a1,a2,…,ana_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots, a_{n} of positive integers. Extend it periodically to an infinite sequence a1,a2,…a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots by defining an+i=aia_{n+i}=a_{i} for all i⩾1i \geqslant 1. If a1⩽a2⩽⋯⩽an⩽a1+na_{1} \leqslant a_{2} \leqslant \cdots \leqslant a_{n} \leqslant a_{1}+n and aai⩽n+i−1 for i=1,2,…,na_{a_{i}} \leqslant n+i-1 \text { for } i=1,2, \ldots, n prove that a1+⋯+an⩽n2.a_{1}+\cdots+a_{n} \leqslant n^{2} . (Germany)

    Official text Transcription from NuminaMath olympiads, checked word for word against the official paper. Quoted with source.

    Official text: IMO 2013 Shortlist booklet, page 3.

    Solutions

    Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee

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