olymmath

ISL 2013 A3

    Let Q>0\mathbb{Q}_{>0} be the set of positive rational numbers. Let f:Q>0→Rf: \mathbb{Q}_{>0} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} be a function satisfying the conditions f(x)f(y)⩾f(xy) and f(x+y)⩾f(x)+f(y)f(x) f(y) \geqslant f(x y) \text { and } f(x+y) \geqslant f(x)+f(y) for all x,y∈Q>0x, y \in \mathbb{Q}_{>0}. Given that f(a)=af(a)=a for some rational a>1a>1, prove that f(x)=xf(x)=x for all x∈Q>0x \in \mathbb{Q}_{>0}. (Bulgaria)

    Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

    Official text: IMO 2013 Shortlist booklet, page 3.

    Solutions

    Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee

    The terms of the source let olymmath link to this solution but not copy it. Read the solution (IMO official site).

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