olymmath

ISL 2013 A1

    Let nn be a positive integer and let a1,…,an−1a_{1}, \ldots, a_{n-1} be arbitrary real numbers. Define the sequences u0,…,unu_{0}, \ldots, u_{n} and v0,…,vnv_{0}, \ldots, v_{n} inductively by u0=u1=v0=v1=1u_{0}=u_{1}=v_{0}=v_{1}=1, and uk+1=uk+akuk−1,vk+1=vk+an−kvk−1 for k=1,…,n−1.u_{k+1}=u_{k}+a_{k} u_{k-1}, v_{k+1}=v_{k}+a_{n-k} v_{k-1} \text { for } k=1, \ldots, n-1 . Prove that un=vnu_{n}=v_{n}. (France)

    Official text Transcription from NuminaMath olympiads, checked word for word against the official paper. Quoted with source.

    Official text: IMO 2013 Shortlist booklet, page 3.

    Solutions

    Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee

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