olymmath

ISL 2009 C3

    Let nn be a positive integer. Given a sequence ε1,…,εn−1\varepsilon_{1}, \ldots, \varepsilon_{n-1} with εi=0\varepsilon_{i}=0 or εi=1\varepsilon_{i}=1 for each i=1,…,n−1i=1, \ldots, n-1, the sequences a0,…,ana_{0}, \ldots, a_{n} and b0,…,bnb_{0}, \ldots, b_{n} are constructed by the following rules: a0=b0=1,a1=b1=7,ai+1={2ai−1+3ai, if εi=0,3ai−1+ai, if εi=1, for each i=1,…,n−1,bi+1={2bi−1+3bi, if εn−i=0,3bi−1+bi, if εn−i=1, for each i=1,…,n−1.\begin{gathered} a_{0}=b_{0}=1, a_{1}=b_{1}=7, \\ a_{i+1}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} 2 a_{i-1}+3 a_{i}, & \text { if } \varepsilon_{i}=0, \\ 3 a_{i-1}+a_{i}, & \text { if } \varepsilon_{i}=1, \end{array} \text { for each } i=1, \ldots, n-1,\right. \\ b_{i+1}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} 2 b_{i-1}+3 b_{i}, & \text { if } \varepsilon_{n-i}=0, \\ 3 b_{i-1}+b_{i}, & \text { if } \varepsilon_{n-i}=1, \end{array} \text { for each } i=1, \ldots, n-1 .\right. \end{gathered} Prove that an=bna_{n}=b_{n}.

    Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

    Official text: IMO 2009 Shortlist booklet, page 8.

    Solutions

    Official solution Solution 1 by the IMO Problem Selection Committee

    The terms of the source let olymmath link to this solution but not copy it. Read the solution (IMO official site).

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