olymmath

ISL 2007 C4

    Let A0=(a1,…,an)A_{0}=\left(a_{1}, \ldots, a_{n}\right) be a finite sequence of real numbers. For each k≥0k \geq 0, from the sequence Ak=(x1,…,xn)A_{k}=\left(x_{1}, \ldots, x_{n}\right) we construct a new sequence Ak+1A_{k+1} in the following way. 1. We choose a partition {1,…,n}=I∪J\{1, \ldots, n\}=I \cup J, where II and JJ are two disjoint sets, such that the expression ∣∑i∈Ixi−∑j∈Jxj∣\left|\sum_{i \in I} x_{i}-\sum_{j \in J} x_{j}\right| attains the smallest possible value. (We allow the sets II or JJ to be empty; in this case the corresponding sum is 0 .) If there are several such partitions, one is chosen arbitrarily. 2. We set Ak+1=(y1,…,yn)A_{k+1}=\left(y_{1}, \ldots, y_{n}\right), where yi=xi+1y_{i}=x_{i}+1 if i∈Ii \in I, and yi=xi−1y_{i}=x_{i}-1 if i∈Ji \in J. Prove that for some kk, the sequence AkA_{k} contains an element xx such that ∣x∣≥n/2|x| \geq n / 2. (Iran)

    Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

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