olymmath

ISL 2006 C4

    A cake has the form of an n×nn \times n square composed of n2n^{2} unit squares. Strawberries lie on some of the unit squares so that each row or column contains exactly one strawberry; call this arrangement A\mathcal{A}. Let B\mathcal{B} be another such arrangement. Suppose that every grid rectangle with one vertex at the top left corner of the cake contains no fewer strawberries of arrangement B\mathcal{B} than of arrangement A\mathcal{A}. Prove that arrangement B\mathcal{B} can be obtained from A\mathcal{A} by performing a number of switches, defined as follows: A switch consists in selecting a grid rectangle with only two strawberries, situated at its top right corner and bottom left corner, and moving these two strawberries to the other two corners of that rectangle. (Taiwan)

    Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

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