olymmath

BxMO 2011

Benelux Mathematical Olympiad 2011.

Other problems

Problem 1

An ordered pair of integers (m,n)(m, n) with 1<m<n1<m<n is said to be a Benelux couple if the following two conditions hold: mm has the same prime divisors as nn, and m+1m+1 has the same prime divisors as n+1n+1. (a) Find three Benelux couples (m,n)(m, n) with m⩽14m \leqslant 14. (b) Prove that there exist infinitely many Benelux couples.

Problem 2

Let ABCA B C be a triangle with incentre II. The angle bisectors AI,BIA I, B I and CIC I meet [BC],[CA][B C],[C A] and [AB][A B] at D,ED, E and FF, respectively. The perpendicular bisector of [AD][A D] intersects the lines BIB I and CIC I at MM and NN, respectively. Show that A,I,MA, I, M and NN lie on a circle.

Problem 3

If kk is an integer, let c(k)\mathrm{c}(k) denote the largest cube that is less than or equal to kk. Find all positive integers pp for which the following sequence is bounded:

a0=p and an+1=3an−2c(an) for n⩾0a_{0}=p \text { and } a_{n+1}=3 a_{n}-2 c\left(a_{n}\right) \text { for } n \geqslant 0

Problem 4

Abby and Brian play the following game: They first choose a positive integer NN. Then they write numbers on a blackboard in turn. Abby starts by writing a 1. Thereafter, when one of them has written the number nn, the other writes down either n+1n+1 or 2n2 n, provided that the number is not greater than NN. The player who writes NN on the blackboard wins. (a) Determine which player has a winning strategy if N=2011N=2011. (b) Find the number of positive integers N⩽2011N \leqslant 2011 for which Brian has a winning strategy.