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BALKAN 2013 Problem 4

  • Paper

In a mathematical competition some competitors are friends; friendship is always mutual, that is to say that when AA is a friend of BB, then also BB is a friend of AA. We say that n≥3n \geq 3 different competitors A1,A2,…,AnA_{1}, A_{2}, \ldots, A_{n} form a weakly-friendly cycle if AiA_{i} is not a friend of Ai+1A_{i+1} for 1≤i≤n(An+1=A1)1 \leq i \leq n\left(A_{n+1}=A_{1}\right), and there are no other pairs of non-friends among the components of this cycle. The following property is satisfied: for every competitor CC, and every weakly-friendly cycle S\mathscr{S} of competitors not including CC, the set of competitors DD in S\mathscr{S} which are not friends of CC has at most one element.

Prove that all competitors of this mathematical competition can be arranged into three rooms, such that every two competitors that are in the same room are friends. (Serbia) Time allowed: 270 minutes. Each problem is worth 10 points.

Dataset text NuminaMath olympiads. Quoted with source.

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